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Criminal Defense of Immigrants

Chapter 1: Criminal Defense of Noncitizens

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§ 1.41 C. The Criminal Case With Major Immigration Effects

In a case with disastrous immigration consequences, the client may care so deeply about avoiding them that s/he will choose to risk extra jail time or conviction on extra counts in order to attempt to avoid the disastrous immigration consequences.

This raises the following possibilities for plea-bargaining:

· The client may choose to offer to plead guilty to a more serious offense, or more counts, that have smaller immigration effects, as opposed to the charged offense or an offered lesser which carries a greater possibility of serious immigration damage.

· The client may offer to serve additional days, months, or even years of incarceration in order to obtain a plea bargain in which the offense of conviction is altered to one which affords him or her an enhanced probability of being able to salvage the immigration situation.

· The client may choose to offer to inform against other culprits in return for a plea bargain s/he can live with from an immigration standpoint. This can take extreme forms (more common in federal court) of years of involuntary and highly dangerous servitude such as going undercover busting Mafiosi. If the client cares enough, and the prosecution is willing, sometimes an agreement to avoid deportation can be worked out. The immigration laws contain a special "S" visa, perhaps standing for "snitch," for noncitizens if a prosecutor seeks it.FN243

· If there are codefendants, perhaps the prosecution would agree to inflict greater punishment on a U.S. citizen codefendant, or one who is an immigrant whose immigration status is not in jeopardy, in return for lightening up on an immigrant at risk.

· The client may be willing to take a long-odds case to trial since long odds are better than no odds at all.

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